45. But the question remains, are they considered “drinking water” – in other words, will ministry of health rules regarding drinking water quality be applicable to them?74 If the answer is yes, then they are drinking water and they should be regulated under Article 50. Government official document use the term Badan Pengelola Sarana Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi (Drinking Water Provision and Sanitation Infrastructure Management Body or BP-SPAMS), thus indicating that the body supply drinking water.75 Furthermore, outlawing non village owned enterprises who are already engaged in water supply would be impractical and impossible, since there are thousands of them already operating in many villages across Indonesia.76 Such measure would amount to a violation of the non-retrogression principle of the human right to water.77 Nevertheless, in most situation community-based drinking water provider are not equipped by any permit. Self supply for entities is another difficult problem. Indonesian water utilities[1]
Al'Afghani, M.M. (2022). Water Tenure in Indonesia, Section: Table 8: Unclear Tenure on Drinking Water. ↩︎